Headway variability in public transport: a review of metrics, determinants, effects for quality of service and control strategies

The most relevant issues related to headway variability in public transport planning, operations and quality of service are reviewed this paper. We discuss the causes consequences variability, alternative metrics that have been proposed measure it, preventive reactive strategies control both research practice, including role drivers present future technology, how provision contracts might deal with through financial incentives. influential elements explain along a route irregularity at which vehicles dispatched, scheduled frequency, distance travelled or length, passenger demand associated dwell times, number stops. conclude there is large gap between state-of-the-art state-of-practice terms identification issues, as well development mitigation measures. It therefore paramount will contribute closing by addressing organisational, contractual technological barriers implementation measures aimed mitigating services.